This report identifies ways of cooperation between the EU and China and between their respective companies, with a view to speeding up the development of substitutes for current primary sources. These include liquefied natural gas (LNG, as a substitute for coal or oil) or alternative carriers such as hydrogen and decarbonisation technologies such as carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS), to mitigate emissions from the most polluting industries that will not be able to turn aside from fossil fuel use during the energy transition and beyond.